Imports in Agriculture Essay - 584 Words

How many of you remember what you ate for lunch How many of you know exactly which country your lunch came from Over one-third of the food we eat is shipped from over seas and nearly another 1/3 comes for Canada, Mexico, and South America. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This is the reality; if you don’t raise your food yourself, you don’t know where it came from, or how it was handled. Chemicals such as DDT and Guthion are still used every day in less developed countries that the US buys food from. Toilets and sinks in the field are not even considered in these countries. It seems that if the USDA prohibited DDT and set up sanitation laws in the United States to protect the food we eat, then counties we buy food from should have the†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;More danger comes to the American population in this time of war. The fact that over one-third of the food consumed in the US is shipped in from over seas makes it easy to cut off part of our food supply or contaminate it. A loss of imported food could cripple America in a grave way, by making us hungry or gravely sick. If terrorist are not afraid to contaminate our mail then what will stop them from contaminating our food What about all the food grown here in Oregon? Where does it all go? Over 80% of the crops grown in Oregon are exported. The sad truth is, commodities such as sweet corn, green beans, and peas are then imported into Oregon cheaper than they can be grown. Now, how do we solve this problem? Several options look as if they have a real potential for solving the problems at hand. The option I have heard from the most growers is only importing food into the United States when it is not in season here. This option will allow American agriculture to produce food to be consumed most of the year while keeping a friendly door open to trade. This would benefit the slumped economy through putting Americans back to work in the canneries; equipment manufacturing industries, the steel industries and the list of positives goes on. Another option maybe government subsidized farming. Though subsidizing farmers now being forced to compete on a global market would have the playing field leveled. This would benefit the farmers, but foodShow MoreRelatedMacroeconomics641 Words   |  3 Pagesfrom manufacturing, service sector and imports in this example and from no other source, while inputs into manufacturing sector come from agriculture, services and imp orts, while inputs into service sector come from agriculture and imports only. AGRICULTURE Sales to manufacturing 4000 Sales to services 1500 Sales to consumers 700 Exports 800 MANUFACTURING Sales to agriculture 500 Sales of investmentRead MoreThe Philippines : Economic, Political, And Military Indicators1457 Words   |  6 Pagesattempted to help the economy grow to ensure the welfare of the Filipino people. One of the relevant changes is a push for industrialization from an economy that was heavily based on agriculture with its rich biodiversity. There are so many factors that contributed to the rise of development in the Philippines such as its agriculture, tourism, transportation, trade, culture, colonization, etc. This paper will examine the current state of the Philippines’ development and the strategies that have made it oneRead MoreBalance of Payment1714 Words   |  7 Pagesbalance sheet, whereas the items, which give, rise to an outflow of foreign currency are placed on the debit side. Definition: â€Å"Balance of payment is a systematic record of a nation’s total payments to foreign countries, including the price of imports, the outflow of capital and gold, and the total receipts from abroad, including the price of exports and the inflow of capital and gold.† According to Pas Taylor: â€Å"Balance of payment refers to the difference between the total payments out of a countryRead MoreBusa 3000 Country Paper1518 Words   |  7 Pagesthe EU, or European Union, since September 2005. This allows Algeria to export to the EU nations tariff free and in return, it has gradually lifted tariffs on imports from those nations. Algeria’s top imports are consumer goods and foodstuffs from France, China, Italy, Spain, Germany, United States, Tajikistan, and Turkey. In 2010, imports totaled $38.4 billion USD. The currency of Algeria is the Algerian Dinar, or DZD, and is freely exchanged. The current exchange rate is approximately 73 DZDRead MoreAgriculture in India: Before and After Independence1101 Words   |  5 PagesAgriculture In India – Introduction Agriculture has been an integral part of the Indian Economy, before and after Independence, despite its decline in share of GDP (17.2% as of 2011). Half of India’s population depends on Agriculture as a livelihood. India is 2nd in farm output. It the largest producer of coriander, spices, millets and many more; second in fruits such as mangoes and papaya; and third in rapeseed, tomatoes and coconuts. Yet 1/3rd of Indian population is under poverty line. BeforeRead MoreEssay On Cape Verca1362 Words   |  6 Pagesproblems concerning its mountainous terrain, poor soil, precipitation, and barriers to creating intrastate infrastructure. These problems are all related and largely affect Cape Verde’s agricultural output. The mountainous terrain make large-scale agriculture difficult especially because of soil quality and precipitation. Problems with the mountainous terrain and poor soil are exacerbated by precipitation. Torrential downpours lead to destructive soil erosion. Water shortages and cyclical droughts makeRead MoreAnalysis of Macroeconomic Indicators of China1579 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided in the below table Macro Economic Indicators | Value | GDP Growth Rate | 9.1% | IIP Growth Rate | 14% | Agricultural Growth Rate | 4.3% | Fiscal Deficit | 800 billion yuan | Interest Rates | 6.56% | Exports | 180.2 billion USD | Imports | 148.5 billion USD | Current Account Deficit | 59.8 billion USD | Inflation | 7.65% | Foreign Exchange Reserves | 3.24 trillion USD | GDP Growth Rate: * GDP (purchasing power parity) of china is $11.3 trillion second largest in the world.Read MoreEssay on Global Markets, Represented Through Food1328 Words   |  6 Pageseconomy’s fluctuation, I feel the global markets would suffer due to the unstableness. Another negative impact would include the climate change. The climate plays an important role in the agriculture aspect because it helps the growth of fruits and vegetables. Climate change affects all areas of the agriculture and the product farmers need to produce for the food markets. In the twentieth century, food supply came under the rules of a new political and economic order. Large food stocks have provedRead MoreExport Promotion Strategy vs. Import Substitution Strategy1745 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction It was the export promotion (EP) strategy that accounted for East Asians states success of economic development. Meanwhile, many other developing countries such as Latin America countries had committed to an alternative strategy, import substitution (IS). The IS strategy yielded disappointing results: most of these countries did not succeed in either industrialization or economic growth while export-oriented industrializations (EOIs) sustained fast economic development. Data fromRead MoreThe Industrialization Of The World Trade Markets Essay741 Words   |  3 Pagestrade markets. Some larger countries such as Brazil and Argentina grew exponentially by trading there products (coffee and wheat). After the World Wars, trade declined in world markets and Latin American governments found it necessary to practice Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI). ISI is the creation of domestic industry to provide products previously imported. ISI was Latin America’s principle meth od in achieving economic growth. Though the ISI was not successful in Latin America, it was

Essay on Of mice and Men - 1058 Words

The film â€Å"Of Mice and Men† was a fantastic transformation of the Steinbeck novel that has many different intricacies that can only be viewed in a movie. Gary Sinise is the director of the movie and also plays the role of George. This movie was made in 1992, and for a fairly old movie, Sinise adapts this classic novel with great exploration of characters. I feel that the movie is at a much higher level in entertainment than the book it was derived from. Though I believe Steinbeck does an outstanding job in the novel to set the reader’s imagination on many aspects such as the time period, what George and Lennie look like, and how other characters interact with George and Lennie, I found that Sinise does an unbelievable job at visually†¦show more content†¦It seems to take place in the southern part of the United States, because of the increased ethnic tensions we see in the movie. For example there is Crooks, who is isolated from everyone else because of the color of his skin. Also, the clothing worn by the actors was very true to the time frame. The audience can actually feel that they are back in that time period by watching this movie. The clothing worn by Lennie and George showed that they were not well off, as were the majority of the population during the Great Depression. In the movie, the actors were very good. In scenes the audience would get emotional. An example is when Carlson shoots Candys old dog, and Candy lies down on the bed and tosses and turns in pain. In the movie, I actually felt sympathetic for Curleys wife since she seemed to always be the victim. This is something I had not felt in the book. Also, the very last scene when George shoots Lennie and then he starts to cry. In many ways the movie is very similar to the book. Right from the beginning of the movie you can see that Lennie has a mental illness, and George is taking care of him like a father. Also, you can tell that George gets impatient with Lennie numerous times and that he gets frustrated very easily. The characters speeches were very strong in language, just like the speeches were in the novel. The characters in the movie are almost exactly like their book counterparts. Lennie is very big andShow MoreRelatedOf Mice and Men1242 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men Thomas Hobbes in his Leviathan states that, in the state of nature mans life is nasty, brutish and short. In depression era America, no greater truth could be said. There were millions unemployed, largely unskilled and living on the margins of society. The lowest of the low were the migrant labourers travelling from place to place trying to scratch a living. They often had to travel illegally by freight car with all its consequent dangers. Their life expectancy was low, crimeRead MoreOf Mice and Men961 Words   |  4 PagesPeople have a tendency to lose sight of their goals and dreams. Mentally, people struggle to maintain their sanity in this game of life that has no set of rules. In the book Of Mice and Men, this story portrays the inequality between people’s dreams and what can actually be accomplished. John Steinbeck, the author Of Mice and Men, utilizes his general themes of friendship and loneliness, through his deep characterization and connection between characters i n order to illustrate â€Å"The American dream.† TheRead MoreOf Mice and Men1352 Words   |  6 PagesOf Mice and Men Essay - Fate or Choice? Choice is defined by the ‘Shorter Oxford Dictionary’ as; â€Å"The act of choosing; preferential determination between things proposed.† It also states the definition for fate; â€Å"The principle, power, or agency by which events are unalterably predetermined from eternity.† Is our life choice, can we determine our fate by choosing our path or is our destiny determined for us? John Steinbeck puts forward this question in his novella Of Mice and MenRead MoreMice and men1998 Words   |  8 PagesHey this essay is about me not having one and just wanting a free account.GCSE JOHN STEINBECK The first 200 words of this essay... à ¯Ã‚ »Ã‚ ¿Of Mice and Men Essay à ¢Of Mice and Menà ¢ is the fictional short novel written by John Steinbeck in 1937. Steinbeckà ¢s perspective when writing the novel could be based on the fact that he had once worked on a ranch and had a certain fascination about it. The novel is set in 1930s America and this can be seen as the cause of the very enduring culmination that takesRead MoreOf Mice and Men1006 Words   |  5 Pagesheart of every novel.† In your view, what are the distinctive ideas explored in Of Mice and Men? Explain how these ideas are developed throughout the novel. Themes are integral and fundamental aspects which render the literature valuable. They usually provide insight into the author’s perception and internalisations of the world in which they live. Set in California during the Great Depression, Of Mice and Men, by Steinbeck, illustrates the hardships experienced by individuals as they roamed theRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN1721 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿In the book Of Mice and Men, the single women that appeared in the book resented herself as an object. The statement Women today are more often treated by men as equals rather than objects can be true or false. A man that goes to Gentleman s Cubs every night is a different man that studies at Harvard Law School. A striper is going to be a different person than a CEO of a successful business. It’s all about how you present yourself. In Of Mice and Men, Curley s wife presents herself in a seductiveRead MoreOf Mice and Men1035 Words   |  5 PagesFriendship of George and Lenny The book Of Mice and Men focuses on the friendship of two migrant workers in California at a time when most of the work was done by people and not by machines.  Ã‚  George was a small man who acted worldly and wise.  Ã‚  Lennie was a huge man that had the mind of a child.  Ã‚  Together George and Lennie would bounce from job to job with no money in their pockets and only the dream of someday owning a place of their own to keep them going.  Ã‚  The two men were not able to stay in one placeRead MoreOf Mice and Men547 Words   |  2 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s landmark novel Of Mice and Men is perhaps best known for its revolutionary telling of two characters that are very different, but have come to rely on each other to survive during the Great Depression. The two characters are men named George and Lenny. George is somewhat of an average fellow who has no real special skills or attributes. Lenny is large and abnormally strong, but unfortunately has the mind of a child. Le nnie looks up to George as if he were a role model. This statementRead MoreMice and Men822 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Of Mice and Men† The Great Depression took place in the United States in the 1930s. Northern California, Salinas Valley was affected by the Great Depression. Many farmers lost their properties and were forced to find other work. Banks were forced to foreclose on mortgages’ and had to collect debts. Hundreds of thousands of farmers packed up their families and few belongings, and headed for California. The Great Depression left many people in poverty and caused them to face unpleasant eventsRead MoreOf Mice and Men1171 Words   |  5 PagesOf Mice and Men by John Steinbeck Q- â€Å"I never seen no piece of jail bait worse than her† what is the reader supposed to think about Curley’s wife? * How is she described by the other characters? * How the author describes her * How she speaks/behaves * Her dreams * Is she the cause of all the trouble Written By Ruqayyah Draey Curley’s wife is not well described and respected by the other characters. She is often looked down upon and discriminated

Plato And Gatto On Divisions In Society Essay Example For Students

Plato And Gatto On Divisions In Society Essay F. Joseph MakoDohertyEN101Writing Assignment 1September 22, 1998The Divisions In education and in other fields of life, people are separated and grouped into nice sections. It has been going on for a long time, even before Plato defined his ideal society. The separating of the good and bad, intelligent and stupid, and high and low class will continue to be a part of who we are as a culture, because our educational structure requires students to learn the basic skills. A problem arises because many people do not fit nicely into a box. I didnt want to be in a box. I was not Gattos good student, who waited on the teacher for instruction. (Gatto 169) I was driven to find the answer before the teacher asked the question, not so I could answer quickly, but for the reason of having time to do what I wanted. I am not one who likes following other peoples trains of thought; I would much rather take a jumping point, and go off in other directions. As in the time when one of my teachers wanted a paper on an animal, and I wrote a story about two boys hunting a squirrel. I didnt like the teachers agenda, but I did it so I could go do my own. When the class worked on mechanical procedures, as in Anyons working-class schools, I looked for reasoning behind why. I thought in original ways, and was successful at staying out of a box. I soon found I had another dilemma, as a result of not fitting in, I failed at relating with other children therefore, was rejected by my peers. When we were all classified and pegged at the start of junior high, the other children were not pleased with the fact that I was different and placed in the high level classes. I thought it odd that most of the lower level children focused their rage on me, when I was very quiet, and rarely bothered anyone. Gatto failed to teach them to envy and fear the better classes. (Gatto 168) It was possibly to create an illusion of them having a higher self-esteem by beating mine down. I just wanted everyone to leave me alone. So, I let my grades fall, but for some reason that made them even madder. As a last resort, I made everyone fear me through various violent and illegal actions. It solved one problem, but in the process, I created myself a criminal record and no one wanted to get near me for fear I might kill him or her. I was the example of following a private drummer, the type teaches dont want. (Gatto 171) My family and I moved away, I grew up, and I started high school. The four years I spent in secondary school were mostly uneventful. The restrictions on what I could do during the school day were levied, as they were in Anyons executive elite school. I joined the track team, learned how to make friends by being nice, and found a group of others like me that I fit in with. High school was very different from junior high; people looked up to me for my intelligence, instead of trying to push me down. Maybe it was because I focused my efforts on being nice and helping others, instead of forgetting about everyone else. I came to understand that school did a poor job at teaching me book-knowledge. Yet it put me in social situations that no amount of bookwork could get me out of; it took non measurable skills such as reasoning with the irrational. Facts couldnt help me out in a physical conflict; logic and experience in dealing with others helped to find a solution.The more that I think about it, the more I believe that I mostly educated myself, and learned about myself through interactions with others. School really didnt teach me book knowledge, but I learned who I am by attending. I am an exception to Gattos lesson on intellectual dependency. I rarely waited for an expert to tell me what to do, and that our economy depends on how well the public follows the advice of experts. (Gatto 170) I believe our culture depends on the economy, but that our economy depends on ideas and new products that only an individual can think of. Gatto pointed out many other principals t hat school teaches as externalities. I made an effort to not follow the schools curriculum, hidden or declared.The focus of Gattos hidden lessons is conformity to the place assigned to you, and how to live in that position well. The confusion Gatto teaches causes the student to break away from natural thought, so the school can instill its own philosophy of reasoning. Gatto correctly connected the patterns of a schools class system to Platos. Plato divided labor into three strict classes: the elite philosopher-rulers, a middle class called auxiliaries, and the lowest class was the labors and tradesmen. Platos class division is similar to the three level system I went through in high school, of honors (high), 1 (middle), and 2 (lower). Schools want their students to be well rounded, a jack of all trades, but they also make the students master of none with bells putting the same value on each subject. The emotional dependency lesson has the student rely on the teacher for rights, know n in school as privileges. Intellectual dependency has the student give up their ability to make decisions without instructions. The testing and grading methods hinder students ability to make opinions about themselves. School convoys the message that students should not have time to themselves, but rather the school should have control of the students daily schedule. The public wants graduating students to have basic skills as a product of twelve years of schooling, which can be taught much more efficiently to the select that posses the desire to learn.The schools purpose was to teach the basics, but I wanted to know the complex. I believe that nearly everything taught to me from school, I could have learned on my own. For the ideas I wanted to learn that the school didnt teach, I learned on my own and on my own time. I didnt let the teachers decide what I would and would not learn; I chose what I wanted to learn. Through making choices, I made myself to be who I want to be. I didn t look to the school for emotional support, because I was a loner. School didnt give me a purpose of life; neither did it teach me a valuable trade for life. School taught me many little things, many unusable facts, and how to do well on standardized tests. Also, School many times limited my exploring. One common instance of its limiting is when an English teacher would give me a list of subjects to write on, with no option for other concepts. In the math and science courses, I valued the few times that the students were asked derive the formulas. School made an effort to engrain the belief that all commonly accepted rules should be obeyed and all should conform to the methods the school taught. The schools view of education was on a different track than mine. .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 , .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .postImageUrl , .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 , .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70:hover , .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70:visited , .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70:active { border:0!important; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70:active , .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70 .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub513c66c510fc3b9e0e7787e01c22c70:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Tesla Motors Essay English Essays

Running Head The Medicare Doughnut Hole Essay Example

Running Head: The Medicare Doughnut Hole Paper Medicare, the nations largest health insurance program, covers nearly 40 million Americans. Medicare part D, a federal program to subsidize the costs of prescription drugs for Medicare beneficiaries in the United States, was enacted as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003 and went into effect on January 1, 2006. Medicare Part D benefits are administered by private insurance plans that are reimbursed by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. Beneficiaries can obtain the Medicare Drug benefit through two types of private plans: a. Prescription Drug Plan (PDP) for drug coverage only or they can join a Medicare Advantage plan (MA) that covers both medical services and prescription drugs. The standard benefit for Medicare part D is defined in terms of the benefit structure and not in terms of the drugs that must be covered. This standard benefit requires payment of a $265 deductible and the beneficiary then pays 25% of the cost of a covered part D prescription drug up to an initial coverage limit of $2,400. We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: The Medicare Doughnut Hole specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: The Medicare Doughnut Hole specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Running Head: The Medicare Doughnut Hole specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Once the initial coverage limit is reached, the beneficiary is subject to another deductible, known officially as the Coverage Gap but referred to more commonly as the Donut Hole, in which they must pay the full cost of medicine. Health economists rationalize this gap, the Donut Hole, as a political compromise in which the optimal policy for the non-poor is stop-loss in which benefit payments would only start after an insured suffers the stop-loss limit of $3,000-$5,000, after which the insurance covers 100% of the cost. For the needy who cannot absorb the total $3000 to $5000 stop-loss limit, supporters argue that plan should have a much lower (even zero dollar) limit. In those cases, the all needed drugs would be provided free as this approach forces a disproportionate burden upon senior citizens and patients with chronic illness (Lee, 2006). Medicare part D has had success, but has also faced daunting challenges. Researchers now have a chance to learn from experience to date and to strengthen the program, particularly as it affects the frailest, sickest, and most vulnerable beneficiaries, including nursing home residents. Senior citizens are the most overmedicated group of people in the world. Their lives and drugs are so intertwined that it is difficult to evaluate the justification for the enactment of Medicare Part D. The course of life is changed by dependence on drugs and quality of life is lowered when unnecessary drugs are taken. Unfortunately, this situation often occurs and Part D will aggravate the problem. This paper hypothesizes that continuing research on the effects of Medicare Part D will help improve the program and aid it into serving the US citizens more effectively. The criteria for choice of articles to include in the scope of this paper were (a) accessibility, (b) frequently quoted in other referenced sources, and (c) applicability to problem statement and hypothesis. The purpose of this paper is to review and synthesize the research from articles, using the framework of the problem statement: How does Medicare Part D affect the healthcare of senior citizens? Is Medicare Part D a form of Elder Abuse or Welfare? The complexity of the Medicare Part D program poses particular challenges for dual eligible beneficiaries, Medicare beneficiaries who also quality for Medicaid benefits. These beneficiaries, most of whom previously had received drug coverage through Medicaid, were switched to Medicare coverage under part D and auto-assigned to eligible plans. Attorney Judith Stein, head of the Center for Medicare Advocacy, says the problems are structural because Part D involves dozens of different private plans. Insurers impose quantity limits, step therapy and other hidden restrictions on drugs and their prices. The law provides that providers can determine which drugs their programs cover and which they do not. Senior citizens must then pick and choose which program to sign up for based on whether the drugs they are currently using are covered by the plan they choose. Plans differ from each other in design, in costs of premiums, deductibles, and coinsurance or co-payments, in formulary composition, and in the process of obtaining coverage for drugs not included in the formulary. In addition, Medicare Part D plans have broad discretion, within certain statutorily prescribed parameters, to decide which drugs to include in their formularies, the strengths and dosage forms of covered drugs to include, and the types of utilization management processes used to control drug costs and usages (Wessel, 2006). This provision makes choosing a program a confusing nightmare as the senior citizen is not able to compare programs as if they are choosing apples from a basket. When a person is choosing a Medicare Part D plan, the choice may be which basket among other baskets of apples will be best to have or not have. Not only does this make for a confusing array of choices for a senior citizen, this provision of the law presupposes that the drugs a person are currently taking will be constant over time. As a person’s condition changes and new drugs are introduced to the marketplace, that person’s prescriptions can and do change, thus making the previous choice of a program obsolete in a relatively short period of time (Wilson, 2006). Another problem is that it allows a provider to pick the drugs that it will cover, allowing providers to cut various deals with the drug companies to focus on the specific products it has chosen to provide. This is one of the reasons for the high cost of Medicare Part D for the taxpayer while the actual benefits provided to our senior citizens are less than what they should be. To complicate the process even more, a number of entities are involved in the administration of the Part D program. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) administers the Medicare program and has the overall responsibility for Part D, the Social Security Administration and state Medicaid offices have primary responsibility for approving applicant for the low-income subsidy, Part D plane provide the benefits, physicians prescribe medications based on plan design, and pharmacies fill the prescriptions (Lieberman, 2006). The law also includes a component that prevented the government from negotiating directly with any of the drug companies. The problem with this approach is obvious in that Medicare Part D is destined to become one of the biggest customers of prescription drugs on the face of this earth. The entire program is paid for by taxpayers. To not allow the government to participate in negotiations on price is a serious departure from marketplace supply and demand theory because it excludes the largest customer from participating on the demand side. The lack of this ability to negotiate is a primary reason for the huge cost of this program (Wessel, 2006), which also means expensive medicines. This is an issue especially since this standard benefit requires payment of a $265 deductible and the beneficiary then pays 25% of the cost of a covered part D prescription drug up to an initial coverage limit of $2,400. Once the initial coverage limit is reached, the beneficiary is subject to another deductible, known officially as the Coverage Gap but referred to more commonly as the Donut Hole, in which they must pay the full cost of medicine (Montgomery Lee, 2006). The CMS has just announced that nearly 1. 6 million low income Medicare beneficiaries will experience a major change in their prescription drug coverage in 2008. The change highlights the instability and unpredictability that have plagued low income beneficiaries in the Medicare Part D (NSCLC, 2007). Under Medicare Part D, beneficiaries who qualify for the Low Income Subsidy (LIS), together with dual eligible beneficiaries and those who qualify for Medicaid, are automatically enrolled into plans with premiums that fall below a certain level, known as â€Å"regional benchmark. † The regional benchmark changes annually. Many plans that had premiums below the benchmark of 2007 will not be available at all or will have premiums above the benchmark in 2008. As a result, CMS has announced that it will reassign nearly 1. 6 million low income beneficiaries currently in these plans to a new plan sponsor. That new plan sponsor will likely cover different rules requesting exceptions and will have a different pharmacy network (NSCLC, 2007). In 2007, all Medicare Part D beneficiaries eligible for the LIS, also called â€Å"extra help,† have a continuous Special Enrollment Period (SEP) and are given the opportunity to switch plans as often as monthly. Previously, only full and partial dual eligible beneficiaries, who qualify for both Medicare and any type of Medicaid, were permitted to change plans at any time. All LIS eligible beneficiaries have this benefit. A continuous enrollment period has many benefits such that if a beneficiary’s plan does not cover a necessary drug, it may be easier to switch plans than to seek an exception to the plan’s formulary (Senior Journal, 2006). The intensive marketing that has characterized plan outreach, many individuals have joined plans, which they later realized are not appropriate for their needs. The continuous enrollment period makes it easier to correct such mistakes. Kevin Prindiville of the National Senior Citizens Law Center says, â€Å"There is no end to the Part D nightmare for beneficiaries. After benefiting from consistent, stable, predictable Medicaid drug coverage for years, they have been thrown onto the health insurance equivalent of a rollercoaster where their benefits change year after year. With each new coverage year, sick, vulnerable, low-income dual eligible beneficiaries face challenge of starting all over, yet again, with a whole new system of benefits. † However, according to a survey conducted by the Commonwealth Fund Health Care, leaders in the healthcare industry agree that the enactment of Part D was on balance good for beneficiaries, even of majorities also support basic changes to the law. Eighty-two percent of seniors enrolled in the Medicare Part D prescription drug benefit are satisfied with their coverage into the program, according to a new survey commissioned by the Medicare Rx Education Network and conducted by KRC Research. The findings of the nationally representative survey of 802 seniors aged 65 and older are in line with results from a similar survey conducted by KRC in mid-March, soon after the Part D benefit began. According to a survey conducted by Harris Interactive, the health care industry sector were most supportive of the law, with 95% agreeing it was good for beneficiaries, while 56% to 67% of respondents in academic/research institutions, health care delivery, or other sectors said it was good for beneficiaries. Fewer than one-third (30%) of respondents agreed that making Medicare drug coverage available only through private plans was, on balance, good for beneficiaries. About one-third (36%) agree that the current benefit structure, including a coverage gap during which most enrollees are responsible for all of their covered costs will, on balance, help beneficiaries who are most vulnerable to high drug costs. Respondents were asked about approaches to address problems with the structure and complexity of the benefit, with majorities voicing support for several proposed changes. Just 8 percent of all respondents favored leaving the deadline and penalty for late enrollment in place, although 22 percent of the business/insurance/or other health care industry sector respondents favored this option. Fifty-one percent of all respondents favor extending the enrollment deadline and removing the penalty, while 39 percent favor leaving the deadline in place, but allowing people to enroll in the program next year without penalty (39%). Three-fourths (77%) of respondents agreed that benefits should be more standardized to reduce variation among plans, and 69 percent said better information on cost-sharing and formulary structure should be provided to beneficiaries. Only 2 percent said the system should be left as it is. However, in a commentary on the survey findings, John Rother, Group Executive Officer of Policy and Strategy for AARP also says Part D has fallen short in providing generous coverage to people with limited incomes, and recommends changes such as eliminating the asset test and simplifying the application process for the low-income subsidy. Among key results, the survey shows the majority of seniors in Part D plans reported that they are getting the prescription medicines they need through their Medicare drug coverage. 73 percent said that their stand-alone plan or Medicare Advantage plan covers all the medicines prescribed by their doctor. 32 percent reported that they no longer need to skip or reduce prescribed doses now that they are enrolled in a Part D plan. 79 percent said their total out-of-pocket costs are reasonable. Specifically, they reported that monthly premiums and co-pays are affordable (81 percent and 78 percent, respectively), and the majority (61 percent) said they now spend less on medications. 69 percent in Part D plans reported that they are better off now than before they enrolled in the Medicare drug benefit. Nearly all (92 percent) said their plan is convenient to use, and 87 percent said it offers good customer service. Over 75 percent of seniors surveyed were unsure of the timing of the open-enrollment period. Three-quarters (75 percent) said they do not intend to switch plans, while just over 10 percent said they might change plans and 13 percent were unsure. Conclusion From the articles reviewed in the paper, it can be inferred that: (a) Senior citizens, being the most and frequently overmedicated people, are affected by the provision under the Medicare Part D program that provides that providers can determine which drugs their programs (plans) cover and which they do not. Senior citizens must pick and choose which program to sign up for based on whether the drugs they are currently using are covered by the plan they choose. This limits the senior citizen’s list of available medications under his chosen plan and the inherent frequent changes in elder people’s prescriptions would certainly be a problem as it presupposes that the drugs a person are currently taking will be constant over time; (b) to complicate the process even more, a number of entities are involved in the administration of the Part D program and makes the application of not only the senior citizens but also the rest of the beneficiaries complex; (c) The senior citizens, given the expensive medicines the government is not allowed to negotiate with drug companies, are affect by the standard benefit, which requires payment of a $265 deductible and the beneficiary then pays 25% of the cost of a covered part D prescription drug up to an initial coverage limit of $2,400. After the initial coverage limit is reached, the beneficiary is subject to another deductible, known officially as the Coverage Gap but referred to more commonly as the Donut Hole, in which they must pay the full cost of medicine; (d) Low income senior citizens will get extra help from the law that those who are qualified in the LIS, as well as dual eligible and Medicaid beneficiaries will be automatically enrolled into plans with premiums that fall below a certain level, known as â€Å"regional benchmark;† (e) It will be easier to have an all-available list of medications in plans but a continuous enrollment period has many benefits to aid senior citizens who frequently change prescriptions. If a beneficiary’s plan does not cover a necessary drug, it may be easier to switch plans than to seek an exception to the plan’s formulary; (f) Senior citizens think the Medicare Part D program is good but the complexity must be reduced, benefit structure must be changed, and low-income benefits must improve. The law should be rewritten to require providers to cover all FDA approved commonly prescribed medicine. Senior citizens would then be comfortable that any plan they choose would provide the drug benefits they need now and in the future. Shopping for the programs would be less confusing as the programs offered all would provide drugs that are included on the same required list. Lastly, true competition could exist and costs could come down as companies would be required to compete on a level playing field. The government should be allowed to participate in pricing negotiations with the drug companies. This will quickly bring down the cost of the entire program. Each provider would then incur the same low cost as any other provider and they will compete based on their efficiency in administering their programs versus their ability to cut deals on specific drugs with the drug companies. Medicare Part D must loose the asset limits and simplify application procedures for the Low Income Subsidy. It must also provide an intelligent, auto-assignment procedure, set an annual cap on out-of-pocket expenditures by LIS recipients, and eliminate cost sharing for dual eligible beneficiaries receiving services through a home and community based care waiver. The Medicare Part D must also make a variety of other beneficiary-friendly changes that aim at low-income senior beneficiaries. In summary, it is a good suggestion that this year should be used as a test year for the current program and its recent legislation so that a totally restructured program that fixes the current law’s flaws can be implemented on 2008 once and for all, if the current provisions of Medicare Part D are deemed a success or failure. References Harris Interactive for the Commonwealth fund. (2006). The Medicare Modernization at Mid-Year Act. Lee, C. , (2006). Group Says Gap in Medicare Drug Coverage Will Be Costly. Washington Post. Lieberman, T. , (2006). Part D from Outer Space. The Nation. Medicare Rx Education Network. (2006). Montgomery, L. , and Lee, C. , (2006). Success of Drug Plan Challenges Democrats and Medicare Benefit’s Cost Beat Estimates. Washington Post. National Senior Citizens Law Center. (2007). Low Income on Medicare Part D. Newvine, C. , (2006). Students to Help Seniors evaluate Medicare Part D. News Service, University of Michigan. Prindiville, K. , (2007). Change and Instability Ahead for Low Income Beneficiaries. National Senior Citizens Law Center. Wessel, D. , (2006). In Healthcare, Consumer Theory Falls Flat. Wallstreet Journal. Wilson, L. , (2006). The Problems and Solutions of Medicare Part D for Senior Citizens. Senior Journal.

How I Got my Indie Novel Into the Nations Largest BrickMortar Store

How I Got my Indie Novel Into the Nations Largest BrickMortar Store "How I Got my Indie Novel Into the Country's Largest Brick-and-Mortar Chain" - By Carol Cooper Carol Cooper is a journalist, author, and doctor. She writes for The Sun newspaper, broadcasts on TV and radio, and has a string of non-fiction books to her name including an award-winning textbook of medicine. In this post, Carol reveals how she got her latest novel, Hampstead Fever, into Britain’s largest chain of booksellers. For the last few weeks, I’ve bragged to anyone who’ll listen that my self-published novel, Hampstead Fever, is in a prestigious front-of-store promotion in WH Smith travel bookstores. And no wonder I’m proud. Not only am I distributing my novel as an ebook - readers can now get it at over 700 airports and train stations around the UK.  WH Smith, after all, is the go-to place to grab a good read for a journey or holiday.I don’t have a sure-fire recipe for other indie authors to follow, but I can certainly explain what worked for me. Read how @DrCarolCooper got her latest novel into UK's largest brick-and-mortar chain 1. Get out and listen to peopleI owe a lot to the London Book Fair, circa 2015. That’s where I came across WH Smith Travel buyer Matt Bates. He spoke at Author HQ, a part of the fair dedicated to writers. He was charming, knowledgeable and enthusiastic and he wasn’t full of himself, which, as I recall, one or two other speakers at the fair were.I said a bland ‘Hello’ to Matt at the end of his talk. I don’t remember my exact words, but I said nothing about my writing. Hampstead Fever  at the WH Smith at London Gatwick AirportNo harm in trying, especially as by then my book was in many bookstores including Waterstones, Heffers Cambridge, and a sizeable number of independent bookshops, and had featured in local press and radio.   I sent Matt a brief email, attaching that eye-catching cover.Matt asked to see a copy of the book. There followed a longish silence. Then he replied, proposing a promo in over thirty of WH Smith’s travel bookstores as part of a buy one, get one half-price offer.I needed to do nothing more, except talk to Clays about a reprint and arrange the discount and return terms that WH Smith requires.I’m certain the stunning cover did much of the work for me. As for the content, people have been kind enough to say that Hampstead Fever captures multicultural urban life. It’s an easy read and makes people laugh, but it also covers some weightier issues.To other self-publishing authors wanting to get into booksho ps, my single best piece of advice is this: aim for a quality product that booksellers will love to have in their stores. "Aim for a quality product that booksellers will love to feature." @DrCarolCooper In your chain of priorities, how important is it to you to get your book in stores? If you have any thoughts, comments or questions for Carol Cooper, leave them in the comments below. Find out more about the author on her website or by following her on Twitter.

Correcting an Incorrect Business Email

Correcting an Incorrect Business Email What is the best way to correct an error in an email sent to multiple recipients, if you are listed in the cc: line of that email, along with other recipients? It can be a little confusing, because if you are listed on the cc: line you can assume you are being informed, with no expectation of a response from you. However, the one exception to this rule is when you know the message to be incorrect, requiring you to correct the misunderstanding. If time is not critical, do not reply to all and correct the sender. Instead, email the sender, explaining your correction, and ask him or her to resend the corrected information to the same recipient group. Only if the sender does not correct the message should you alert the group with your correction. If time does not allow you to alert the sender to correct the message, only then should you reply to all with your correct information. And, be kind and phrase your correction clearly but tactfully. This applies in both business email and personal email. I received a message from a friend this morning alerting me and a large group of recipients how to detect a two-way mirror in case we were being spied upon in clothing dressing rooms. Ok, it was silly. Still, my friend who sent this message is well-intentioned and a nice lady. Another recipient replied to everyone, providing a terse message that the sender was incorrect and included a Snopes link (a site which identifies urban legends) refuting her two-way mirror test. This correction was unkind. The corrector should have sent the Snopes link to the original sender and given her an opportunity to make her own correction. Give a colleague or a friend a chance to wipe the egg off their own face, before you throw some more. Master business email in your career in this Email Course.

Customer Profile Pape for La Perla Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Customer Profile Pape for La Perla - Essay Example It mainly deals with sleepwear and underwear for both women and men. In particular, La Perla boutique sells bras, lingerie, pajamas, briefs and nightgowns. The La Perla focuses on distinctive categories of products that are flexible and responsive to the needs of the customer. In particular, La Perla attracts women who love gentle and feminine sensuality. Its management aims at offering the best shopping experiences for its discerning customers with flexible price ranges for the product category which can go up to $200 for a bra. La Perla boutique targets women who value their lingerie and will always desire to shop at a specialty store than a mere departmental store. In this regard, these women cherish the detailed services that focus on individualized needs, such as personal brand choices. In particular, La Perla boutique targets intricate, cosmopolitan, business women of medium to high income earning levels. They entail high-class women who range between the ages of 30 to 55. They are also financially stable and are much more independent. This target group also loves their bodies enough to set aside plenty of money to acquire items and products that bring out their splendor and sensuality. Over and above, it targets the cosmopolitan area and city center population where many high income earning customers are located. The La Perla boutique aims at using different fabric compositions for its products. In particular, it focuses on high-class, stylish and pleasing to the eye products acquired from only select fabrics. The manufacturing process of the fabric is done intricately to foster the Italian craft tradition. The La Perla boutique employs the Leavers Lace and the Soutache process, in addition to the Frastaglio techniques in designing its products. They integrate the corsetry techniques which entails the sophisticated art of boosting the feminine sensuality in socially  assorted means.  

Internation Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Internation Accounting - Essay Example Narsimha Rao and the finance minister Dr. Manmohan Singh in the year 1991. Through this reform foreign direct investment was brought in many sectors. By the 20th century India headed towards a free market economy which reduced the state control of the economy with increased financial liberalization (Datt & Sundharam, 2009, p. 976). The Indian economy is the eleventh largest in the world by the nominal GDP and the third largest in terms of the PPP (Purchasing Power Parity). In 2010-2011 India maintained a GDP growth rate of around 8% thus bringing down the fiscal deposit of the country to 4.8% of GDP by maintaining a current account deficit to 2.6%. However, the fiscal year 2001-2012 has been a challenging for the Indian economy. With the progressing year monetary tightening was witnessed in response to the untamed inflationary pressures. The gradual increase in inflation of the Indian economy resulted in slowing down the growth rate of India. In spite of the economic turmoil in the c ountry India still is goring at a rapid pace in comparison to other developing countries. This in turn is enhancing the opportunity of India to push through further reforms, generate economic opportunities and create infrastructure for the country (â€Å"Current State of Indian Economy†, 2012, pp.1-7). The Indian financial market has progressed over the years especially in the banking sector with 14 nationalized banks to provide 40% of their net credit to priority sectors so as to fulfill the developmental and social goals of the country. Company’s Business HDFC bank mainly provides service in wholesale banking, retail banking and treasury services undertaken by the company. In the whole sale banking the target customers of the... This paper shows that according to the study of HDFC bank we can conclude that the company is performing very well even ender the turmoil economic situation of the country. The evidence of which is their increased net profit which has amounted to Rs.113, 413, 323, 000. But the cost of revenue of the company has increased over the year which is cause of concern for the bank. The company is listed in National Stock Exchange in India. The bank has made some investment decision which has resulted in negative returns for the company. This has reduced the cash and cash equivalents of the company to Rs. 209, 377, 263, 000. The accounting principles that is adopted in India is a little different from that of IFRS which is usually applied in developed countries like America, Europe, etc. Thus the item under consideration is usually a little different from that of a manufacturing company and so is their process of accounting. Hence, the bank under consideration has been successful in generatin g an income of Rs. 325,300,466,000. This paper approves that the impairment of the assets is usually assessed in the balance sheet of the company. The occurrence of the impairment loss, if any is forecasted in the profit and loss statement of the company. This generally arises when the carrying cost of the assets exceeds the estimated recoverable amount. The revisions of the accounting estimates are prospectively recognized both in current as well as future periods.

Urbanization increases Essay Example for Free

Urbanization increases Essay Golf courses also use fertilizers and chemicals in watering and maintaining the area which also contribute to the contamination of water. According to 1FAOs estimate of changes of forest area cover in developing countries, the world’s forest area had significantly decreased during the period of 1980 to 1995 largely brought about by development and the demands of urbanization. The developing countries have contributed to the natural forests as much as 25%, an average of 12% in Latin America, 5% in Asia and 8% in Africa (FAO, 1997). It has to be stressed that the figures correspond to only 15 years span. Gornitz and colleagues also found that vegetation clearing accounts for a one percent reduction of annual stream flow and an average of 10% decrease in the annual volume of freshwater used by humans (Gornitz et. al, 1997 page 148). The most direct physical impact of urbanization to the interruption of the water cycle is the general increase in the impervious cover (IC). The increase in IC due to urbanization affects the water cycle in these ways: 1. Urbanization increases impermeable land covers such as sidewalks, roads, roofs and parking lots. These urban structures decrease the amount of water to be absorbed by the soil as infiltration process is hardly possible to occur in these areas. In highly urbanized areas, more half of the volume of rainwater flows as run-off (Center for Watershed Protection, 2003). Studies also reveal that in cases where impervious cover is less than 10%, streams to where run-off flows remain protected. On the other hand, if IC is above 10% run-off that goes to the streams will cause the ecosystem to be degraded (American Society of Civil Engineers, 1996). Center for Watershed Protection said some of the evidences of this damage are bank erosions, sedimentation and the loss of stream bank tree covers. 2. Urbanization significantly increases annual floods. As infiltration and transpiration is reduced much of the surface precipitation is diverted to the drainage system. In a pre-urban setting, precipitation is intercepted by the natural vegetation through the process of absorption. Ground cover and forest canopy naturally absorbs rainfall through their roots. The wider the ground cover and the denser the forest canopy, infiltration and transpiration of precipitation are held in its natural state as more water is stored in the water table. This way water storage deep down into the ground as reservoir. With the clearing of vegetation and deforestation, urbanization becomes directly liable for the increase in annual floods. Because of the increase in the volume of run-off water in highly urbanized areas, the construction of drainage systems have been the nearest possible solution made by the government. Such drainage systems were designed to regulate the flow of run-off directly to the watercourse. However localized flash flooding seemed aggravated the problem with the construction of such sewage systems. The problem with this development projects is that the volume that watercourse and the drainage systems can contain is limited. The speed or velocity of runoff brought about by high peak storm water. Another vital factor is time which is relatively not enough for water to be absorbed and contained by the drainage systems and so flash floods are always possible. With flash floods, water contamination is highly possible because the excess water that runs in the streets catches much of the contaminants in the land surface which will then be carried to the bodies of water as flood find its way to leave the area. Because highly urbanized areas do have little ground cover like trees to absorb storm water, run off will likely stay longer in the surface as infiltration is hardly possible. Because imperviousness is directly related to water dynamics, highly urbanized areas have the high risk of containing high peak storm discharges. In urban areas, collection in combined sewerage systems may impose increased hydraulic and pollutant loads on conventional wastewater treatment facilities (Perry and McIntyre 1986).

Life In The 20th Century As Sh Essay -- essays research papers

Life in the twentieth century is different through each decade but also much different than life in a century before. The short story â€Å"Magic†, written by Katherine Anne Porter in 1930, shows how people think they have choices in life but their future is actually already planned out for them. Ernest Hemingway’s short story â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† which was written in 1933 shows how people feel about the well being of others and others feelings. â€Å"The Storm†, written by Kate Chopin in 1898 is an example of how views of marriage have changed. Although this wasn’t written in the twentieth century it was written right before the beginning and still paints a picture of how life is now going into the twenty-first century.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story â€Å"Magic† a young prostitute named Ninette is treated very badly in the house she lives in. This is proven by the quote â€Å"They quarreled, the madam cheated her on her checks: you know, the girl got a check, a brass one, every time, and at the week’s end she gave those back to the madam, yes, that was the way, and got her percentage, a very small little of her earnings: it is a business, you see, like any other- and the madam used to pretend the girl had given back only so many checks, you see, and really she had given many more, but after they were out of her hands, what could she do?† (Page 121) This quote shows how the woman of the house cheated Ninette out of her money. These next two quotes tell how Ninette was phy...

Aeriform Manned Remote Sensing Aircrafts Engineering Essay

By and large there has ever been a hold with aeriform manned distant feeling aircrafts due to unsuitable conditions conditions. But when compared to remote-controlled aircrafts which are much more efficient and dependable, remote-controlled dirigibles can wing subjacent and at a slower velocity which can take to sharper images. These factors besides assure high definition and accurate images which are much better than other manned or remote-controlled aircrafts. This undertaking will depict about types of dirigible, basic constituents for the remote-controlled dirigible which can be used for surveillance intent, photogrammetry system. There are two types of platform for remote-controlled aerial vehicles which is recognized for function and surveillance. They are distant controlled aerial vehicle and remote-controlled dirigible. This undertaking will concentrate on the ulterior type that is remote-controlled dirigible and its application in the field of appraising and function and bes ides other Scopess. Introduction By and large in present clip, photogrammetry is done through orbiters and aircrafts which are controlled by homo. However due to revolve of orbiter, it is hard to accomplish on timely footing. Besides upwind status can impact the consequences. In add-on it is hard to carry through photogrammetry undertaking through manned aircraft in heavy cloud conditions. Hence the usage of remote-controlled aerial vehicles and remote-controlled dirigible will be good for low height photogrammetry. Unmanned dirigible can wing at low height. In add-on they do n't necessitate any landing field for take-off every bit good as landing. Besides they can wing under cloudy conditions hence cloudy conditions has no consequence on dirigible. They can be commercialized as they are cost effectual and has flexible use. Airships travel at really slow velocity which makes it possible to get more clearer and focused images. Hence dirigible can be appropriate for several undertakings such as broad country function in small towns, little towns and other assorted sites. The chief benefit of an dirigible is that it can wing every bit low as 100 metres and can wing every bit slow as 40 kilometers in an hr. Hence high quality images can be captured which can assist to acquire high truth photogrammetry. This can be good achieved by dirigible than any aircraft.AirshipsAn dirigible is an aircraft which is lighter than air. It is besides known as steerable. An airship derives its push from an engine while lift is obtained from gases which is normally helium or hot gas. There are four types of dirigible. They are stiff building, semi-rigid building, and Non-rigid building and hot air Colonel Blimps.Rigid buildingRigid dirigibles have internal stiff construction. This type of design was used in Zeppelins and USS Akron and Macon. This type of construction is made with aluminium metal which maintains the form of dirigible. Rigid dirigibles are heavy. This type is merely suited when the dirigible length is more than 100 metres. Rigid dirigible have high weight to volume ratio hence it was efficient merely for big dirigibles. Rigid dirigibles can be developed by the usage of composite construction.Semi stiff buildingSemi stiff construction had the stiff construction on the lower portion i.e. keel of dirigible and above construction was formed by envelope which was pressurized by gases. There are two methods for attaching both the part. It can be done either by straight attaching both the construction automatically or lower keel subdivision can be suspended under the pressurized envelope. This type was more celebrated in the early decennaries. The dirigible named Italia, in which General Umberto Nobile ‘s attempted to make North Pole, used this type of building type. The other popular dirigible of this type is Brazilian dirigible named Alberto Santos Dumont.Non-rigid buildingThis type of building is common in usage in present yearss. This type of dirigibles is besides known as Colonel Blimps. The building has no stiff parts except rid er cabin and the tail fives. The construction is like a big gas balloon while the form is sustained by over force per unit area from interior. Non stiff dirigibles are used in present clip for advertizement. In USA, Goodyear, Budweiser and MetLife used this non stiff dirigible for advertizement. In Europe Fuji and in India, Vodafone late used this type of Colonel Blimps.Hot air Colonel BlimpsHot air Colonel Blimps have non-rigid building but they are considered as an independent sort. This type of dirigibles is besides known as thermic dirigibles. They are derived from conventional hot air balloons. This type of dirigible was developed by adding tail fives and engine to hot air balloons. However dirigible was shortly developed, length of envelops were increased and the hot air from the propellor was used to supercharge rudder and tail fives. The chief characteristic which was developed in this type is that latest hot air Colonel Blimps sustained their form by over force per unit are a from interior in the full dirigible envelope. This characteristic was absent in the early theoretical accounts. Airships fly on the Archimedes rule which states that raising force obtained from the fluid on the organic structure immersed in to it is equal to the mass of the fluid which is displaced. The dirigible if filled with gases like H, He or hot air. This provides lift to the dirigible which is equal to mass of the displaced air as the air has high specific weight compared to the gas filled inside the envelope of dirigible. The raising features of He, H and hot air can be given by pollex regulation which states that Hot air lift Hydrogen lift Helium lift 1 three-dimensional metre 300 gms 1100 gms 1000 gms 1000 three-dimensional pess 20 lbs 66 lbs 60 lbs These informations allows the alteration in tallness, humidness and temperature. Based on the demand, the volume of gas inside envelope can be increased or decreased to keep a peculiar height. Unlike hot air balloons, dirigibles have engine which helps to maneuver dirigible. Hence they are non much affected by impacts of air current. Helium expands as the tallness additions. It provides maximal lift to airship nevertheless engines besides increase lift along with ability to maneuver. Latest dirigibles are designed in a manner that they are able to execute low velocity tactic. They can be handled by little land squad. Latest unmanned dirigible can work independently and besides has the ability to vibrate over a peculiar country, which is a cardinal benefit for its usage in surveillance and function at lower height and communicating relay on higher heights. Research is carried out to develop remote-controlled dirigible which is believed to cheap permutations to satellite communicating.Basic constituentsThe chief constituents for the remote-controlled dirigible used for the photogrammetry at low height are winging platform, image detectors and informations processing system. Flying platform – it by and large comprise of remote-controlled He filled dirigible, flight control system ( car pilot ) , planetary placement system and besides land systems for communicating. Auto pilot, land system and remote-controlled dirigible are used to obtain safe and unafraid flight platform and besides for image sensor impact during aerial path. Whereas planetary placement system is incorporated to get accurate geographical co-ordinates of the location or site. High truth control can be obtained through T usage of planetary placement system hence a differential planetary placement system or individual point GPS can be used. Differential GPS is an augmentation to GPS which uses land station to convey the difference between the places shown by known location and the place obtained through orbiters. While individual point placement means the appraisal of the co-ordinates of a point on Earth, it can be on sea or land, in context to a specific co-ordinate system. Single point placement is calculated by comparing measuring from unknown co-ordinates with a known co-ordinate. Imaging sensors- imagination detectors has particular apparatus. It has broad angle camera which is really advantageous in appraising undertaking and besides in low height marks. It has four cameras which helps in bettering efficiency and besides increase image scope by 4 creases. In add-on it besides helps in geting high ratio 3 dimensional image which improves the truth of tallness measurings. Data processing system- photogrammetry system for remote-controlled dirigible at low height involves three stairss. First making a flight program harmonizing to operator ‘s demand and within the restriction of dirigible. Second winging an dirigible to designated country with the imagination equipment and geting images and in conclusion production of photogrammetric reappraisal and DEM and DOM by treating the obtained imagesPlatformUnmanned airship platform is accepted agencies for mapping. The demand for photogrammetry flight are that the tallness can be anyplace between 50 to 1000 metres and velocity in the scope of up to 50 kilometers per hr. The warhead of remote-controlled dirigible will be about 50 kgs and therefore size of the dirigible will be moderately little. Unmanned dirigible may hold remote pilot which will so hold manual remote operation along with car scheduling and car control maps. A simple constructed two dimensional platform is by and large constructed to mai ntain the camera detectors in the perpendicular place in mention to its optical axis. In China, remote-controlled He dirigible has been developed. This remote-controlled dirigible has assorted constituents such as commanding platform, pre-programmed flight commanding device, transmittal concatenation and land control monitoring system, station for berthing and In-field equipment for recycling of He gas which besides includes cartridges of He. This system integrated appropriate stable hardware intermixing platform. The main features are that this platform is light weight, little sized and recognized stable platform. In add-on the commanding system of this dirigible ‘s platform comprises of control system on land and there is speedy transportation of informations and even panel is charged quickly.Imaging detectorAn ultra-wide angle camera is built by the usage of four digital cameras, each in a different optical axis designed to obtain wider scope and better imaging capablenesss. The four digital cameras have particular design to hold overlapping sectors so that f our images from these cameras have high truth in footings of accommodation of comparative alliance constituents between these cameras. This will besides guarantee compensation of mistakes due to aircraft building and mechanical construction. After compensation, mistake can be reduced to 0.4 pels which is sort of really accurate image. This method is of import for remote-controlled dirigible as it helps to cut down the overall weight of imaging system. All the four cameras are calibrated accurately to counterbalance against any geometrical optical change. The chief advantages in utilizing extremist broad angle cameras are The increased efficiency to obtain big framed images at really low height flight Accuracy in height finding between any terrain and the land degree. Normal digital cameras are used in remote-controlled dirigible because of the weight factor and besides to guarantee that the system and package in remote-controlled dirigible are non complicated and are kept every bit easy as possible to avoid any ambiguity due to failure. The truth of stabilisation platform is low nevertheless this imagination system can bring forth high declaration images due to low height winging. In entire maintaining advantage and disadvantages in to consideration, it is acceptable that remote-controlled dirigible is more suited for photogrammetry, aerial study, monitoring and big country function. The broad angle camera system used for low height weighs about 15 kgs and hence it is really suited and meets the standard for this visible radiation and comparatively smaller remote-controlled aerial vehicles and remote-controlled dirigible. This remote-controlled dirigible is 20 metres in length and with diameter of 5 metres. Loading is designed to the weight of 50 kgs. It can travel up to tallness of 1000 metres with the velocity of 40-50 kilometers per hr and the continuance of flight will be 3 hours. This dirigible can defy the air current at the degree of 6 which is shown in figure. The imagination detector of this low winging remote-controlled dirigible can get images with 0.1 metre declaration at an height of 500 metres and 0.05 metre declaration at an height of 300 metres. The imaging detectors can take images in 0.6 square kilometre country at an height of 300 metres. This means that in an hr this dirigible can cover country of 30 square kilometers. The combination of four digital cameras which signifiers broad angle camera system is shown in figure Low height camera system includes the ultra-wide angle camera formed by the combination of four camera used at low heights, control system for clip fluctuation and stable platform which is shown in figure The combination system for camera besides ensures truth in height measuring and besides calibrates the cameras on its ain. The benefits of utilizing four camera combinations in topographic point of individual camera system can be seen in the tabular array which compares both types of system. Camera type Four camera system Single camera system Largest frame of image 11750 Ten 5504 4368 Ten 2912 Field angle/ grade of image 124 X 100 72 X 52 124 X100 Focal length/ millimeter 25 25 Flight control system package controls the land station every bit good as dirigible. It includes execution of designed way and independent pilotage.Aircraft flight programFlight program includes informations transition from calculated of acquired informations, standardisation of informations and job related to visual image of informations.Preparation of flight programPreparation is to be done to get cognition about local terrains, clime, and humidness of air, conditions conditions, air current alteration etc. at a peculiar clip, and usage of distant feeling informations or map, location of the part and latitude and longitude from GPS system. The information of terrain is used to gauge the safe tallness for dirigible while weather status clime and air current affects flight public presentation.Visual image of way informationsThe path should be planned if possible in manner such that flight is in analogue to air currents particularly in monsoon where the air currents are really strong. If parallel flight program is non possible so path should be planned in a manner that strong air currents are avoided. This strong air current can blockade flight and can impact place of dirigible and besides affect the image quality. The needed information is fed in to flight control package. The package generates the graphical interface for the path after the transition of informations. Overlap maps with the generated graphical interface by the package based on the demand of the path in the peculiar country. The path can be designed to be accurate and secured by adding manner points along with the GPS points. While be aftering height, choice of imaging detector is an of import standard. Altitude is to be planned harmonizing to demands. To get images of terrain, hill or township zone, the scope of low height broad angle camera can be given as 2H ten 2H. The acquisition of the image along the flight path can be in the interval of 1.6 H. the nucleus image can be of better quality with declaration of more than 0.2 meters if the tallness H is 300 meters and the images along the path are overlapped by 25 % with the neighboring path image and the interval of exposure is kept 0.4HUnmanned dirigible operations demandsUnmanned dirigible used for photogrammetry system is high engineering winging system. Hence this undertaking requires a proper planning to guarantee the lastingness of undertaking. The chief facet in developing this undertaking will be effectual planning, execution and examination. All the facet must be taken attention. The factors to be considered for this undertaking are Performance of undertaking Administrative planning Development of operation Effective program for all stages of the undertaking Quality confidence Hazard involved and preventative stepExecutionExecution of undertaking can be ensured by sing following stairss: Approach based on needed equipment. All the compulsory and needed equipment must be installed. Pre-flight readying which includes cheques on dirigible, proper proportion of He and proper operation of installed constituents. All the equipment such as distant accountant, detector equipment, land equipment, communicating equipment etc. are to be checked before the dirigible is send on to the class. Execution of the informations acquisition and photogrammetry procedure Once the undertaking is accomplished, the dirigible must be brought back to the land station and should be decently landed. Care activitiesMonitoringThe dirigible flight must be monitored on all the stages and record must be maintained against the status encountered. This is really indispensable for the safety of whole operation. This monitoring procedure increases the aid to supply proficient support. Datas obtained must be kept in database with proper certification so that any old status can be monitored easy.Image informations processing and Photogrammetry procedureChinese academy of appraising and function has developed package known as MAP-AT i.e. modern aerial triangulation package. This package deals with the current cameras, digital cameras and low height cameras. This package computes overlap, angle, graduated table of images etc. This package besides computes the atilt exposure, perpendicular aerial images, complex multiple mention photographical images way. Large sector beam alterations can be made up to 10000 images automatically by the usage of triangulation web through multiple vision image matching. Digital lift theoretical account ( DEM ) and digital orthoimage ( DOM ) can be created by this package with the aid low high declaration images obtained at low height and precise aerial place. A particular plan is developed which is known as aerial triangulation. The main features of this package are: – General digital cameras are calibrated to high preciseness for any geometrical mistakes by this plan This plan uses the combination of informations from GPS and acquired image to develop geographical relation in the designed flight program along the flight program and environing boundaries. This plan automatically selects and calculates all the points in the trigon web. figure Huge block alterations solve the geometrical relation of acquired images in multiple positions with the aid of least square standard method. This plan automatically detects any harsh inaccuracies with the aid of legion terminated observations. This plan calculates the consequence from the regulator points and positioning elements to get mapping declaration of 1:1000, 1:1500 or 1:2000 graduated tables. Figure point 3 Figure point 4 MAP-AT package has four constituents, they are: Automatic aerial triangulation Automatic digital surface theoretical accounts production Automatic digital lift theoretical account production Automatic digital orthophoto map productionDigital surface theoretical account ( DSM ) productionDigital surface theoretical accounts are geographical charts of the Earth ‘s surfaces, over which necessary informations can be overlapped, which give accurate geometrical orientation frame. Apart from the geographical landform, characteristics like edifices, roads, seas, forest etc. are besides incorporated in digital surface theoretical accounts. DSM is used to develop 3 dimensional maps, systems based on support site, enhance practical environment and line of sight rating. In add-on, DSM can besides be used to attest that geographical maps along with other maps such as main roads and roadways have high preciseness and their truth can be ensured.Digital Elevation Models ( DEMs ) productionThe acquired multi directional images after aerial triangulation are re arranged automatically to be divided into simple parts as in the normal Orthodox photogrammetry. After that, image fiting automatically generates the DSM in each unit. In this procedure, manual operation is required to divide specific location point such as points on the edifice to bring forth digital lift theoretical account. Fully established Digital lift theoretical account is made by associating all the units.Digital orthophoto map production ( DOM )Based on the consequences obtained from digital lift theoretical account and the alignment unit, digital orthophoto map are automatically produced. Merely the in-between part of image is taken to be converted into orthophoto image as most of the image imbrication is obtained from picture taking in the winging way. Several researches have been carried out in the function system for remote-controlled aerial vehicles by carry oning several experiments. An experiment was conducted on agribusiness country of 40 square kilometers and from the tallness of 1000 metres for the production of digital orthophoto map. The consequences produced a preciseness of standard 1:2000 DOM. This DOM was so used for disposal of land. Similarly digital orthophoto map of graduated table 1:500 was applied to urban planning within 1 square kilometre country. In add-on, an experiment was carried out for the intent of 3 D metropolis modeling in the country of 60 square kilometers incorporating more than 20,000 blocks. This consequence can be examined in practical world plan and besides this theoretical account proved helpful in urban planning. These experiments show that when this system is incorporated in dirigible so it can be used in assorted Fieldss.ApplicationUnmanned dirigible used for low height photogrammetry is an of import assistance for 3 dimensional informations acquisition. The remote-controlled dirigible has advantages of observing high menace zones such as fire in wood or any other risky state of affairs.It is cost effectual and it does non necessitate much cost for its fabrication, its operation every bit good as care. It is dependable manner to reassign images every bit good as other informations on timely footing. It is strong encouragement to remote feeling from orbiters and besides from general aerial vehicles. A really strong web can be established by the coordination of all these systems. These systems can set up a monitoring web which can run into to current fleet economic growing. Menaces and other undertakings have increased and to get by up with them, these webs can be utile. In other words these are necessary for clip reactive characteristic of exigency control. Conventional picture taking is ever dependent on the landing field and atmospheric conditions. It is besides expensive and its cost additions with long continuance which restricts the development of the digital photogrammetry in big graduated table geographics. Operators by and large use full range informations acquisition methods for smaller country of less than 20 square kilometers for geographic function undertaking. The remote-controlled dirigible used for the photogrammetry system has a speedy reaction and are really cost effectual in footings of imaging cameras. The imagination detectors are dependable and by puting the aperture of lens and shutter velocity, their truth can be increased. The package for processing of image besides improves the quality of images. The digital cameras which are used as broad angle camera can better the quality to acquire right coloring material by puting the sensitiveness ISO. The puting such as contrast, brightness and other characteristic can as sist to acquire better consequences in cloudy or dim light status to acquire high definition coloring material images. Hence even little scope of country can bring forth high quality digital images in big scale geographic function intent. This helps in increasing efficiency and cut down work burden. The images from aerial picture taking can be worked at workstation and consequences can be obtained. This photogrammetry system can be used to obtain digital orthophoto map ( DOM ) , digital line graphic ( DEM ) , digital terrain theoretical account ( DTM ) , digital surface theoretical account ( DSM ) and other theoretical accounts. With the development of remote-controlled dirigible used for photogrammetry system at low highs, it will be extensively used in function and appraising in assorted Fieldss as environmental land study, exigency reaction function, meteoric, marine and assorted other Fieldss.

The Good Shepherd, John 10

Jesus, Our One True Shepherd Tuesday, October 30, 2012 Introduction Throughout the Gospel of John, Jesus offers to those around Him, most specifically His Disciples, metaphors to help them understand who He is and what His purposes are. Jesus uses common phrases to illustrate His point. He does this twenty-three times in the Gospel of John Repeating important. He begins seven of those important statements with two exceptional words, â€Å"I AM†. These words illustrate his world-saving purpose.For example in John 6, Jesus makes the profound statement â€Å"I am the bread of life† right after feeding a huge crowd and speaking of Moses and the manna God gave from Heaven. Without the manna, the nation of Israel would not have survived their time in the desert. Later, in John 8 Jesus speaks of walking in light versus darkness, and makes the statement, â€Å"I am the Light of the world†¦Ã¢â‚¬  We know that a belief in Jesus allows us to walk in the light, to be out of the darkness of sin and death. By the time we reach chapter 10 in the Gospel of John, Jesus is going say again, twice, an â€Å"I AM† statement.The rest of this paper will focus on John 10:1-18. It is important however, to understand that what Jesus is doing in these verses is in the midst of a long line of hugely important moments between Him and those He came to save. In the tenth chapter of the Gospel of John, Jesus makes two huge â€Å"I AM† statements. The first one Jesus speaks to is addressed in verses 1-10, and is spoken in vs. 7, â€Å"I AM the door of the sheep. † The second comes later in vs. 11, â€Å"I AM the good shepherd. † In John 10, the structure of the passage comes in two parts, yet concludes with one main theme, Jesus is our true Shepherd.The paper will take a look at the first part of the passage where Jesus talks about being the â€Å"gatekeeper†, and then will shift focus into what Jesus being the â€Å"Good Shepherd† means. While again, each could be looked at independently, the focus of this paper will be to demonstrate that each part works together to help Jesus’ followers then and people today understand what it means for Jesus to be the one true Shepherd. It is important to understand weight of each of the â€Å"I AM† statements that Jesus speaks in John 10. In order to gain a better understanding of the premise of Jesus as â€Å"Shepherd†, here are a few important things to note.First, sheep and goats were two of the most well known and spoken about animals in the Bible. Also, â€Å"sheep and goats require constant care, since they are practically defenseless† and such would require a Shepherd, someone to guard them, and provide a constant watch over them. So now, Shepherds became a pivotal part of God’s story. Shepherds not only tended to the feeding and providing of care for the sheep, they guarded and protected them against thieves and robbers. It was the Shepherd’s sole responsibility to care for and tend to his sheep – to make sure they were accounted for and maintained to the best of his ability.Second, even thought this is the first time in John that Shepherding is mentioned, the other Gospels also discus this ‘job’. It is also, as previously mentioned, seen a huge amount throughout the Old Testament. Think back to David or some of the great Prophets, like Ezekiel, Jeremiah, or Isaiah, and you find a vivid picture of what it means to be a Shepherd, one of the sheep, or part of the flock. In John Chapter 10, Jesus will identify Himself as a Shepherd, and the implications of this are great. Not only does Jesus speak about being the ‘gatekeeper’ of the sheep, He also says that he is the â€Å"Good Shepherd†.Both concepts help to illustrate Jesus’ purpose and one main idea, â€Å"Jesus is our one true Shepherd†. The Gatekeeper In the first part of the passage (John 10:1 -10), Jesus is going to identify Himself as the gatekeeper, the guard and protector of the sheep from thieves and robbers. To understand this properly, and to put the first part of this passage in context, we must go back to what the people would have understood as he said this, and why they would have understood its implications. Ezekiel 34 is the starting point for this analysis. The basic implication of Ezekiel 34 is the rebuking the false shepherds of Israel.Making note that one day He will gather the lost sheep and bring them to Himself, as promised. From Ezekiel, Verses 2, 4-5, and 11-12 â€Å"Son of man, prophesy against the shepherds of Israel. Prophesy and say to those shepherds, ‘Thus says the Lord God, â€Å"Woe, shepherds of Israel who have been feeding themselves! Should not the shepherds feed the flock? † 5 â€Å"They were scattered for lack of a shepherd, and they became food for every beast of the field and were scattered. † 11 For thus says the Lord God, â€Å"Behold, I Myself will search for My sheep and seek them out. 2 â€Å"As a shepherd cares for his herd in the day when he is among his scattered sheep, so I will care for My sheep and will deliver them from all the places to which they were scattered on a cloudy and gloomy day. The idea of false or evil shepherds can also be found in Jeremiah 23: 2-5. 2Therefore thus says the Lord God of Israel concerning the shepherds who are tending My people: â€Å"You have scattered My flock and driven them away, and have not attended to them; behold, I am about to attend to you for the evil of your deeds,† declares the Lord. â€Å"Then I Myself will gather the remnant of My flock out of all the countries where I have driven them and bring them back to their pasture, and they will be fruitful and multiply. 4â€Å"I will also raise up shepherds over them and they will tend them; and they will not be afraid any longer, nor be terrified, nor will any be missing,† dec lares the Lord. What Jesus does by introducing the rightful gatekeeper in the first 10 verses of John is to open the door to Him being the true Shepherd for the sheep, His people.When looking at the passages in Ezekiel and Jeremiah, it is easy to see how the idea of false or evil shepherds was standard in this time. Up until this point, Jesus’ greatest adversaries had been the Pharisees, the ones who claimed to be the most righteous and Godly men around. They were the ‘gatekeepers’ to religious law and practice. They held the mandates and seemed to ultimately decide who was right, or â€Å"in† with the Father. The people also listened to them. They paid heed to everything the Pharisees said and did.When Jesus, in the opening verses of John 10 describes thieves and robbers, He is speaking to these individuals, and all the other leaders of the past that had led Israel astray. John 10:3 details how the doorkeeper recognizes the shepherd, and how the sheep hea r his voice and follow. This is such rich imagery. We may not value this as significant, because in the Western World most sheep are herded by a dog, or by the movement from a ranch hand from behind the flock. In the Near Eastern culture this is not the case. D. A.Carson describes it like this: â€Å"The Sheep listen to the shepherd’s voice†¦ Near-Eastern shepherds have been known to stand at different spots outside the enclosure and sound out their own peculiar calls, their own sheep responding and gathering around their shepherd. † Jesus is making a bold statement in verse 5 to say, â€Å"A stranger they simply will not follow, but will flee from him, because they do not know the voice of strangers. † Jesus is asserting that those who have come before Him, and who have pretended to be His people’s shepherds are nothing more than strangers.He shows that a time will be coming when He will call the names of those whom He loves, and they will know His voice, because they are already His. This moment links us directly to Jesus as Messiah – coming to save those who have been as scattered sheep. Only the one true Shepherd will call His sheep, and only then will the people hear the voice of the this Shepherd. Jesus being the ‘gatekeeper’ is so very important. So not only is the gatekeeper responsible for the sheep in the sense that he decides who will come and go from the fold, Jesus being the ‘gatekeeper’ or the ‘door’, is the means to eternal salvation.Only the one true Shepherd can be held responsible for those who come into the fold. In verse 7 Jesus makes the first â€Å"I AM† statement – He says, â€Å"I am the door of the sheep. † Not only now do the sheep recognize Him as the Shepherd, He now is their passage through the gate into the fold. Jesus points out again in verse 8 that those who came before Him were nothing but thieves and robbers, and that the sheep did not recognize them. The thieves and robbers were only out for their own interests (looking back to Ezekiel 34) and because of this, the sheep are eternally destroyed.But Jesus as the door to the fold, the gate itself, gives life, and does not take it away. Jesus as the one true Shepherd is the only door there is to the Father, the only true gate in which a sheep can enter into the fold. Up until this point, the passage has reflected on the Jewish nation. Jesus as â€Å"The Good Shepherd† will become an even bigger idea, also helping to verify Jesus as the one true Shepherd, and for all people. The Good Shepherd In this portion of the passage, Jesus makes several important claims about His role as the one true Shepherd of the flock.In the earlier verses, this same idea was true, but only for a certain subset of people. As we look through the following portion of the text we will see how Jesus is â€Å"The Good Shepherd† for all, and therefore is the one true Shephe rd of the flock. Right away, John points out something crucial to the passage, and that hints to earlier parts of the passage. He opens up by saying this: â€Å"I am the good shepherd; the good shepherd lays down His life for the sheep. â€Å"He who is a hired hand, and not a shepherd, who is not the owner of the sheep, sees the wolf coming, and leaves the sheep and flees, and the wolf snatches them and scatters them. This mention of a hired hand again points to those who came before Jesus, who were even there at that time, pretending to be Israel’s shepherds. They, the religious leaders and Pharisees were nothing but hired hands, looking after the sheep yes, but in the sight of danger, they would flee. The ‘hired hand’ cares much more for his own interest than the interests of his flock. We know Jesus to be the complete opposite, and He truly hits it home when He says that as The Good Shepherd, not only will He protect His sheep, He will die for them.Only the one true Shepherd would do that for His sheep. The next portion of the text is also monumental in meaning when it comes to Jesus being the one true Shepherd. Right after Jesus emphasizes that He will know His sheep and His sheep will know Him, He makes a gesture not only to those who already know Him, but also to those who have yet to know Him. From John 10:16, â€Å"I have other sheep, which are not of this fold; I must bring them also, and they will hear My voice; and they will become one flock with one shepherd. The significance of this moment in scripture is profound.Jesus states here that He is the One who will bring all to the fold. That no longer will there be a division between Jews and Gentiles, but that there will only be one flock, with the one true Shepherd. Many times throughout the New Testament this same grand gesture is given to the Gentiles. See Galatians 3: 26-29: â€Å"26 For you are all sons of God through faith in Christ Jesus. 27 For all of you who were bapti zed into Christ have clothed yourselves with Christ. 28 There is neither Jew nor Greek, there is neither slave nor free man, there is neither male nor female; for you are all one in Christ Jesus. 9And if you belong to Christ, then you are Abraham’s descendants, heirs according to promise. † This moment says exactly this! Jesus is the one true Shepherd, fulfilling a long foretold promise that He and He alone will bring ALL the sheep into the fold and He will be the only Shepherd. The final portion of this text helps us to understand more clearly who â€Å"The Good Shepherd† is. As The Good Shepherd, Jesus makes some declarations about who He is in not only relation to His sheep but His Father, thus explaining His own sovereignty. Jesus’ life is not taken, it is given up by Him and Him alone.This is why God sent Him. The choice to watch over, guard, protect, and call-in His sheep was the plan, the plan of a great and sovereign Shepherd, who had to give His l ife so that His sheep could live, so that they could go through the gate. Jesus was not forced to be The Good Shepherd, the one true Shepherd, He choose to do this willingly. Conclusion Throughout the first 18 verses of John 10, John helps us to understand the implications and simple delight that Jesus is our one true Shepherd. He does this first by helping us to see Jesus as the â€Å"gatekeeper† or the â€Å"doorway† through which we enter into life eternal.John also tell us of the personal relationship that a Shepherd has with his sheep, and likewise that Jesus has with each of His sheep – He knows them, and they know Him. Furthermore, John points out that there have been and will probably always continue to be, false or evil shepherds that come like thieves or robbers in the night to try and steal or sway the sheep. But in regards to the text, the sheep shall not worry, but rather hear the voice of the true Shepherd and follow Him. The second portion of the text discusses the sovereignty of the one true Shepherd.Jesus, by choice is The Good Shepherd, and subsequently came to be the one true Shepherd for all. By His choice to lay down His life for all of His sheep, we are able to enter into the fold where He will reign as our Shepherd for eternity. If another shepherd offered this same promise, or was able to, then Jesus would not be The Good Shepherd, He would simply be like the rest before Him – thankfully this is not the case. The verses in John 10: 1-18 clearly demonstrate that Jesus is our one true Shepherd, by means that He is not only The Good Shepherd, but also the â€Å"door† that we must come through to have eternal life.There are some implications that come from knowing this. As followers of Christ in the modern age, we are prone to listen to other shepherds – often times even letting ourselves run and follow after other voices. It is in fact shameful how easy and accustomed we have become to listening to the other voices, which try and replace our one true Shepherd. We find it easier to place our faith in the hands of those hired and not the One high above. We become attuned to religious practice and not the stillness of the green pasture that He leads us to.We become fixated on practice and not righteousness, letting ourselves adhere to the rules put in place, rather than the standard in which the fold was formed. We forget that our one true Shepherd laid down His life for His sheep – doing this so that they might be able to live a life, which with Him alone is full. Knowing that Jesus is the one true Shepherd also helps us to know how to be good shepherds to those around us. It helps us to better understand how to tend to the flocks that we are a part of. It helps us to understand how to love on the weak and care for those who wander.Finally, it helps us to understand the importance of truly knowing our flocks. As is found later in John, Jesus commands of those who truly l ove and follow Him – â€Å"feed My lambs,† â€Å"love My sheep,† and â€Å"tend My sheep. † The one true Shepherd offers this for us, and in turn we are to offer it, as He has commanded us, to all. Jesus is our one true Shepherd, and the Shepherd of all. Sited Works: 1. The MacArthur Study Bible, NASB 2006. The Gospel of John, pg. 1557 2. The MacArthur Study Bible, NASB 2006. The Gospel of John, pg. 1564 3. Mattingly, G. L. (2000). Shepherd. In D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers & A. B. Beck (Eds. , Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible (D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers & A. B. Beck, Ed. ) (1208). Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans. 4. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Eze 34:11–12). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 5. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Je 23:2–4). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 6. D. A. Carson (1991) The Gospel According to John, Pg. 382 7. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:5). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 8. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:11–12). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 9. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 995 (Jn 10:16). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. 10. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Ga 3:26–29). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. The MacArthur Study Bible, NASB 2006. The Gospel of John, pg. 1557 [ 2 ]. The MacArthur Study Bible, NASB 2006. The Gospel of John, pg. 1564 [ 3 ]. Mattingly, G. L. (2000). Shepherd. In D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers & A. B. Beck (Eds. ), Eerdmans dictionary of the Bible (D. N. Freedman, A. C. Myers & A. B. Beck, Ed. ) (1208). Grand Rapids, MI: W. B. Eerdmans. [ 4 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Eze 34:11–12).LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 5 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 19 95 (Je 23:2–4). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 6 ]. D. A. Carson (1991) The Gospel According to John, Pg. 382 [ 7 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:5). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 8 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:11–12). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 9 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Jn 10:16). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation. [ 10 ]. New American Standard Bible: 1995 update. 1995 (Ga 3:26–29). LaHabra, CA: The Lockman Foundation.